Situation of and phenotypic markers of susceptibility to helminth infection among sheep on farms in the Brazilian cerrado biome / Diagnóstico de situação e marcadores fenotípicos das parasitoses gastrintestinais em ovinos de fazendas localizadas no Distrito Federal: bioma cerrado brasileiro

Abstract This study aimed to determine the intensity, seasonality, and distribution by genera of, as well as to identify phenotypic markers of susceptibility to, gastrointestinal parasites among sheep on farms within the Brazilian savanna (cerrado) biome. We evaluated 1271 sheep, on seven farms, during the rainy season (in December 2017 and December 2018) and dry season (in July 2018 and July 2019). Parasitological evaluation was based on culture and EPG. We calculated hematocrit, as well as the body condition score and feces score. Of the sheep evaluated, 34.15% had moderate-to-severe parasitic infection. The factors of herds' phenotypic characterization about helminth infections were (p ≤ 0.05 for all): anemia (OR = 5.72); leanness (OR = 1.80); loose stools or diarrhea (OR = 1.54); breed other than Santa Inês (OR = 2.31); "weaned lamb" category (OR = 4.76); "lambing ewe" category (OR = 4.66); and dry season (OR = 2.37). Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, and Cooperia accounted for 76.40%, 20.23%, 2.89%, and 0.47%, respectively, of the helminth genera identified, with their proportional distributions being comparable between the rainy and dry seasons. Changes in health management, with regard to helminth infection control, are urgently needed in order to combat the disease more effectively and sustainably.

Resumo A presente pesquisa objetivou determinar a intensidade, sazonalidade, predominância de gêneros e marcadores fenotípicos às parasitoses gastrointestinais em fazendas de criação de ovinos do Distrito Federal, no bioma cerrado brasileiro. Foram avaliados 1.271 ovinos oriundos de sete propriedades, durante os períodos chuvoso (dezembro de 2017 e dezembro de 2018) e seco (julho de 2018 e julho de 2019). Procedeu-se a avaliação parasitológica por coprocultura e OPG, dosagem de hematócrito, escore de condição corporal e de fezes. Dos indivíduos avaliados, 34,15% deles apresentaram infecção parasitária moderada a grave. Os fatores de caracterização fenotípica dos rebanhos quanto às infecções helmínticas (p ≤ 0,05), foram: anemia (OR = 5,72),magreza (OR = 1,80), fezes pastosas/diarreicas (OR = 1,54), raças distintas à raça Santa Inês (OR = 2,31), categorias de produção animal "jovens" (OR = 4,76) e "fêmeas paridas" (OR = 4,66), e período seco (OR = 2,37). Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum e Cooperia foram os gêneros de helmintos observados nas seguintes proporções: 76,40%, 20,23%, 2,89% e 0,47%, respectivamente, sem distinção em sua distribuição entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. Mudanças no manejo sanitário com relação às helmintoses são urgentemente necessárias, para um controle da doença de forma mais eficaz e sustentável.

Primer reporte de la variabilidad genética del gato (Felis catus), con marcadores fenotípicos en Coveñas, Sucre / First report of genetic variability in cats (Felis catus), with phenotypic markers, in Coveñas, Sucre / Primeiro repórter da variabilidade genética do gato (Felis catus), com marcadores fenotípicos em Coveñas, Sucre

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones de gatos domésticos (Felis catus) utilizando genes que codifican la coloración, el diseño y la longitud del pelaje en Coveñas, Sucre, Colombia. Se realizaron muestreos aleatorios entre septiembre y diciembre de 2014, en 187 animales adultos presentes en cinco barrios de Coveñas, donde se caracterizó fenotípicamente cada animal. La nomenclatura utilizada está en concordancia con el Committee Standardized Genetic Nomenclature For Cats (1968), y atiende a los marcadores autosómicos de codificación morfológica: el locus ligado al sexo Orange (O) y los loci autosómicos non-agouti (a), tabby blotched (Tb), dilution (d), long hair (l) spotting white (s) y dominant white (W). Se calcularon los parámetros genéticos poblacionales: frecuencia alélica, diversidad genética, flujo génico, equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg y distancia genética, y se infirieron las relaciones filogenéticas entre las poblaciones de gatos. Se encontró que el marcador non-agouti fue el de mayor frecuencia, mientras los genes tabby blotched y dominant white presentaron los valores más bajos. La mayor parte de la diversidad genética se encontró dentro de las poblaciones (HS) y poca entre las poblaciones (D) y un elevado flujo génico. Se observó un exceso de heterocigotos en la población. No hubo equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg. Las poblaciones se encuentran muy relacionadas genéticamente. Además, se evidenció una posible selección natural y artificial del locus non-agouti.

Abstract This research aimed to determine genetic variability in domestic cat populations (Felis catus) using genes that codify the coloration, design and length of the coat in Coveñas, Sucre, Colombia. Random samples were collected between September and December 2014 from 187 adult animals in five neighborhoods of Coveñas, and each animal was characterized phenotypically. The nomenclature used in this research follows the Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for the Domestic Cat (1968), and examines the autosomal markers of morphological coding: the locus linked to sex Orange (O) and the autosomal loci Non-agouti (a), tabby blotched (Tb), dilution (d), long hair (l) spotting white (s) and dominant white (W). The genetic parameters of the population were calculated: allele frequency, genetic diversity, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and genetic distance; and phylogenetic relationships among cat populations were inferred. It was found that the Non-agouti marker was the most frequent, while the tabby blotched and dominant white genes had the lowest values. Most genetic diversity was found within the studied populations (HS), with little diversity between populations (D), and high gene flow was evidenced. An excess of heterozygotes was observed in the population. There was no Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Populations are genetically closely related. In addition, a possible natural and artificial selection of the Non-agouti locus was evidenced.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a variabilidade genética das populações de gatos domésticos (Felis catus) utilizando genes que codificam a coloração, o desenho e a longitude da pelagem em Coveñas, Sucre, na Colômbia. Realizaram-se amostras aleatórias entre setembro e dezembro de 2014, em 187 animais adultos presentes em cinco bairros de Coveñas, onde se caracterizou fenotipicamente cada animal. A nomenclatura utilizada está em concordância com o Committee Standardized Genetic Nomenclature For Cats (1968), e atende a os marcadores autossômicos de codificação morfológica: o locus ligado a sexo Orange (O) e os loci autossômicos Non-agouti (a), tabby blotched (Tb), dilution (d), long hair (l) spotting white (s) e dominant white (W). Calcularam-se os parâmetros genéticos populacionais: frequência alélica, diversidade genética, fluxo génico, equilíbrio Hardy-Weinberg e distância genética, e se inferiram as relações filogenéticas entre as populações de gatos. Constatou-se que o marcador Non-agouti foi o de maior frequência, e enquanto que os genes tabby blotched e dominant white apresentaram os valores mais baixos. A maior parte da diversidade genética foi encontrada dentro das populações (HS) e pouca entre as populações (D) e um elevado fluxo génico. Observouse um excesso de heterozigotos na população. Não houve equilíbrio Hardy-Weinberg. As populações encontram-se muito relacionadas geneticamente. Além do mais, evidenciou-se uma possível seleção natural e artificial do locus Non-agouti.

Expression and its clinical significance of gastric and intestinal phenotypic markers in 47 Siewert type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ early gastroesophageal junctional cancers / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of gastric and intestinal phenotypic markers in Siewert typeⅡand Ⅲ early gastroesophageal junction(GEJ) cancer, and to explore its correlation with clinic-pathological features.Methods From April 2010 to July 2015, 53 cases diagnosed as early GEJ cancer were enrolled.The gastric and intestinal phenotypic markers such as mucin5AC(MUC5AC),mucin6(MUC6),mucin2(MUC2),caudal related homeodomain transcription 2(CDX2) and cluster of differentiation 10(CD10) were detected, and then the patients were divided into gastric type, gastrointestinal type, intestinal type and non-classified type according to the results of immunohistochemical staining.Combined with Siewert classification the clinicopathological features were analyzed.Chi square test or Fisher′s exact test was performed for statistical analysis.Results In the cancer tissues of 47 patients with Siewert type Ⅱand Ⅲ early GEJ cancer, the case numbers of positive expression of MUC5AC,MUC6,MUC2, CDX2 and CD10 were 21(44.7%),19(40.4%),31(66.0%),27(57.4%) and 17(36.2%),respectively;the case numbers of gastric type, gastrointestinal type, intestinal type and non-classified type were 11(23.4%),14(29.8%),21(44.7%) and one(2.1%), respectively.The positive expression rates of MUC5AC and MUC6 in Siewert typeⅡwere 55.9%(19/34) and 50.0%(17/34),which were higher than those of Siewert typeⅢ(2/13), and the positive expression rate of MUC2 was 55.9%(19/34), which was lower than that of Siewert typeⅢ(12/13), and the differences were statistically significant (x2=6.240,4.679 and 4.053;all P<0.05).In Siewert typeⅡ, the proportion of intestinal type was 32.4%(11/34), which was lower than that of Siewert typeⅢ(10/13), and the differences were statistically significant (x2=7.142,P=0.010).In patients with Siewert typeⅡand Ⅲ early cancer, males predominated in intestinal type which were mostly well differentiated type with less submucosal carcinoma.The maximum diameter of tumor was less than those of gastric type and gastrointestinal type.In paracancerous mucosal tissues, the incidences of intestinal metaplasia in gastrointestinal type and intestinal type were 11/14 and 81.0%(17/21), which were higher than that of gastric type (3/11);the incidences of atrophy in gastrointestinal type and intestinal type were 12/14 and 85.7%(18/21),which were higher than that of gastric type (4/11),and the differences were statistically significant (Fisher′s exact test,all P<0.05).Conclusions Siewert typeⅡand Ⅲ early GEJ cancer can directly originated not only from gastric mucosa, but also from gastrointestinal and intestinal mucosa.Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia could exist before cancer genesis.